8/11/2023 0 Comments India lockdown online![]() This delayed effect would only be observable immediately after the incubation period of the virus has passed, which is approximately 5–6 days on average ( Quesada et al. Lockdowns can reduce the spread of COVID-19 by limiting person-to-person contact, which would a priori be observed as an attenuation in the growth of infection rate of COVID-19 after lockdown. ![]() To contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments across the world implemented movement restrictions that included visa restrictions, border closures, domestic travel restrictions and local curfews, generically referred to as lockdown in the literature ( Chaudhry et al., 2020 Pachetti et al., 2020). After 1 year since the emergence of the pandemic, India has the second-highest number of reported cases worldwide, with around 10 million cases resulting in around 150 thousand deaths ( Johns Hopkins University, 2020). Community spread of the virus was confirmed on 2 March 2020, with the identification of the first domestic case, and then onwards, an increasing number of COVID-19 cases were found across the country. The first confirmed case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) in India was reported in Italian tourists on 30 January 2020 ( Lamba, 2020). ![]() However, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India, Brazil, Peru and Turkey, where the pandemic started slowly, since early June 2020, have also experienced an exponential increase in COVID-19 cases ( Johns Hopkins University, 2020). As the pandemic unfolded, a surge in COVID-19 cases was observed in Italy, Spain, the UK and the USA, where, historically, health systems are robust and prepared to combat a pandemic and manage the related shock to multiple social and economic sectors. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected almost all the countries of the world within four months of the first case reported in Wuhan, China ( World Health Organization, 2020). ![]() The increasing rate of incident case reports in India was attenuated after the lockdown policy was implemented compared to before, and this reduction was maintained after the restrictions were eased, suggesting that the policy helped to ‘flatten the curve’ and buy additional time for pandemic preparedness, response and recovery. Uptake of the lockdown policy is indicated by decreased mobility and attenuation of the increasing incidence of COVID-19. Results showed an 8% reduction in the change in incidence rate per day after Lockdown 1.0 compared to prior to the Lockdown order, with an additional reduction of 3% (95% CI = 2–3%) after Lockdown 4.0, suggesting an 11% (95% CI = 9–12%) reduction in the change in COVID-19 incidence after Lockdown 4.0 compared to the period before Lockdown 1.0. National-level data from Google Community Mobility Reports during this timeframe were also used in model development and robustness checks. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis with a segmented regression model using publicly available data on daily reported new COVID-19 cases between 2 March 2020 and 1 September 2020. This study evaluated the effect of lockdown policy on the COVID-19 incidence rate at the national level to inform policy response for this and future pandemics. The policy was revised in three subsequent stages (Lockdown 2.0–4.0 between 15 April to ), and restrictions were lifted (Unlockdown 1.0) on 1 June 2020. India implemented a national mandatory lockdown policy (Lockdown 1.0) on 24 March 2020 in response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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